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While in the formula in cell C2 refers to A2 and B2, the one in C3 refers to A3 and B3.

You will notice that it will change the reference by addingremoving the sign (based on whats the original reference).

This could be useful when you have some value that needs to remain constant (such as time period or interest rates, etc.).

While you can use the value itself, in the future, if you have to change the value in formulas, you will have to manually do it.

Instead, you can simply change the value in C3, and all the formulas would automatically update.

This means that if you copy-paste the formula that uses C3, the column would not change, but the row can change.

This means that if you copy-paste the formula that uses C3, the row would not change, but the column can change.

Learn the most important formulas, functions, and shortcuts to become confident in your financial analysis.

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To master these skills, check out CFIs Free Excel Crash Course.

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FREE Excel Shortcuts Cheatsheet Want to be faster and more productive at building financial models performing financial analysis Download this printable cheatsheet with the top Excel shortcuts for both PC and Mac.

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PC (Windows) Shortcuts Mac Shortcuts Editing shortcuts Edit active cell F2 Ctrl U Cut Ctrl X X Copy Ctrl C C Paste Ctrl V V Paste Special Alt E S Option V Paste name into formula F3 Toggle references F4 T Start a new line within the same cell Alt Enter Ctrl Option Return Insert or edit cell comment Shift F2 Shift F2 Display shortcut menu (i.e.

Shift F10 Shift F10 Insert worksheet Shift F11 Shift F11 Define a name for a cell Ctrl F3 Ctrl F3 Fill down (e.g.

Ctrl D Ctrl D Fill right Ctrl R Ctrl R Insert argument names and parentheses for a function after typing a function name in a formula Ctrl Shift A Ctrl Shift A Insert row Alt I R Ctrl I Insert column Alt I C Ctrl I Formatting Shortcuts Brings up format cells menu Ctrl 1 1 Bold Ctrl B B Italic Ctrl I I Undo Ctrl Z Z Redo Ctrl Y Y Repeat last action F4 Y Select all used cells (select entire worksheet if command is repeated) Ctrl A A Number format Ctrl Shift Ctrl Shift Date format Ctrl Shift Ctrl Shift Percent format Ctrl Shift Ctrl Shift Increase font size Alt h fg Shift Decrease font size Alt h fk Shift Increase decimal Alt h O Decrease decimal Alt h 9 Increase indent Alt h 6 Ctrl M Decrease indent Alt h 5 Shift m Navigation Shortcuts Move from cell to cell Arrows Arrows Go to F5 F5 Go to cell A1 Ctrl Home Fn Ctrl Left Go to beginning of row Home Fn Left Select the adjacent cell Shift Arrow Shift Arrow Select entire row Shift Spacebar Shift Spacebar Select entire column Ctrl Spacebar Ctrl Spacebar Select all to the start of the sheet Ctrl Shift Home Ctrl Shift Home Select all to the last used cell of the sheet Ctrl Shift End Ctrl Shift End Select to the end of the last used cell in rowcolumn Ctrl Shift Arrow Ctrl Shift Arrow Select the last used cell in rowcolumn Ctrl Arrow Ctrl Arrow Move one screen up PageUp Fn Up Move one screen down PageDown Fn Down Move one screen left Alt PageUp Fn Option Up Move one screen right Alt PageDown Fn Option Down Move to the next or previous worksheet (Move between tabs if you are in a menu window) Ctrl PageUpDown Ctrl PageUpDown Move to next workbook (while in spreadsheet) Move to next divider (when in menu options) Ctrl Tab Ctrl Tab Move to the next cell (Move between items within a menu window) Tab Tab FREE Excel Shortcuts Cheatsheet Want to be faster and more productive at building financial models performing financial analysis Download this printable cheatsheet with the top Excel shortcuts for both PC and Mac.

File Shortcuts New Ctrl N N Open Ctrl O O Save workbook Ctrl S Save As F12 Shift S Print Ctrl P P Open print preview window Ctrl F2 Go to next workbook Ctrl Tab - Close file Ctrl F4 W Close all open Excel files Alt F4 Q Ribbon Shortcuts Show ribbon accelerator keys Alt Showhide ribbon Ctrl F1 R Paste Special Shortcuts Paste Special formats Ctrl Alt V t Ctrl V t Paste Special values Ctrl Alt V v Ctrl V v Paste Special formulas Ctrl Alt V f Ctrl V f Paste Special comments Ctrl Alt V c Ctrl V c Clear Shortcuts Clear cell data Delete Delete Clear cell formats Alt h e f Clear cell comments Alt h e m Clear all (data, formats, comments) Alt h e a Selection Shortcuts Select a cell range Shift Arrows Shift Arrows Highlight a contiguous range Ctrl Shift Arrows Ctrl Shift Arrows Extend selection up one screen Shift PageUp Fn Shift Up Extend selection down one screen Shift PageDown Fn Shift Down Extend selection left one screen Alt shift PageUp Fn Shift Up Extend selection right one screen Alt shift PageDown Fn Shift Down Select all Ctrl A A FREE Excel Shortcuts Cheatsheet Want to be faster and more productive at building financial models performing financial analysis Download this printable cheatsheet with the top Excel shortcuts for both PC and Mac.

Data Editing Shortcuts Fill down from cell above Ctrl D Ctrl D Fill right from cell left Ctrl R Ctrl R Find and replace Ctrl F Ctrl F Show all constants F5 Alt s o Highlight cells with comments F5 Alt s c Data Editing (inside cell) Shortcuts Edit the active cell (edit mode) F2 F2 While editing cell, allow use of arrow keys to create reference F2 F2 Confirm change and get out of cell Enter Enter Cancel a cell entry and get out of cell Esc Esc Insert line break within cell Alt Enter Option Enter Highlight within a cell Shift LeftRight Shift LeftRight Highlight contiguous items Ctrl Shift LeftRight Ctrl Shift LeftRight Jump to beginning of cell contents Home Fn Left Jump to end of cell contents End Fn Right Delete character to left Backspace Delete Delete character to right Delete Fn Delete Accept autocomplete suggestion Tab Tab Referencing a cell from another worksheet Ctrl PageUpDown Arrows Ctrl Fn DownUp Arrows Other Shortcuts Enter date Ctrl; Ctrl; Enter time Ctrl Shift: Ctrl Shift: Show formulashow values (key to the left of 1) Ctrl Ctrl Select cells which refer to the active cell (useful before deleting a cell in a worksheet) Ctrl Ctrl Drives menu bar Alt Next open program Alt Tab Tab Autosum Alt T Reasons to Use Excel Shortcuts To be more productive, faster, and more efficient when building financial models or performing financial analysis, its important to know the main keyboard shortcuts in Excel.

Investment banks act as intermediaries, equity research, FPA, finance, accounting, and more.

The first thing youll do if youre hired as an investment banking analyst is take a series of intense Excel training courses.

Your mouse will be taken away and youll be expected to learn financial modeling with only keyboard shortcuts.

If you follow our tips and tricks below youll be able to master these shortcuts on Windows or Mac operating systems.

You may also want to check out our section on Excel formulas Knowledge CFI self-study guides are a great way to improve technical knowledge of finance, accounting, financial modeling, valuation, trading, economics, and more.

If you want to become a master of Excel financial analysis and an expert on building financial models then youve come to the right place..

Excel is quite robust, meaning there are a lot of different tools that can be utilized within it, and therefore there are many skills Excel Resources Learn Excel online with 100s of free Excel tutorials, resources, guides cheat sheets CFIs resources are the best way to learn Excel on your own terms.

Additional Resources Thanks for reading CFIs guide to Excel shortcuts for your PC and Mac keyboard By taking the time to learn and master these keys, youll significantly speed up your financial analysis.

To learn more, check out these additional CFI resources: Excel functions for finance Excel for Finance This Excel for Finance guide will teach the top 10 formulas and functions you must know to be a great financial analyst in Excel.

This guide has examples, screenshots and step by step instructions.

In the end, download the free Excel template that includes all the finance functions covered in the tutorial Advanced Excel formulas Advanced Excel Formulas Must Know These advanced Excel formulas are critical to know and will take your financial analysis skills to the next level.

Learn the top 10 Excel formulas every world-class financial analyst uses on a regular basis.

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These skills will improve your spreadsheet work in any career Types of graphs in Excel Types of Graphs Top 10 types of graphs for data presentation you must use - examples, tips, formatting, how to use these different graphs for effective communication and in presentations.

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